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                <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Fundamental types</h1>
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<p><small>(See also <a href="incomplete_type.html" title="cpp/language/type">type</a> for type system overview and <a href="../types.html" title="cpp/types"> the list of type-related utilities</a> that are provided by the C++ library)</small>
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<div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="types.html#Void_type"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Void type</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="types.html#std%3A%3Anullptr_t"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext"><span>std::nullptr_t</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="types.html#Boolean_type"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Boolean type</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="types.html#Character_types"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Character types</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5">
<a href="types.html#Integer_types"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Integer types</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="types.html#Modifiers"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Modifiers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="types.html#Properties"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Properties</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="types.html#Data_models"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Data models</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9">
<a href="types.html#Floating_point_types"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Floating point types</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="types.html#Properties_2"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Properties</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="types.html#Range_of_values"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Range of values</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="types.html#Keywords"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Keywords</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="types.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Void type">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Void_type">Void type</span>
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<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span></span></span> - type with an empty set of values. It is an <a href="incomplete_type.html" title="cpp/language/incomplete type" class="mw-redirect">incomplete type</a> that cannot be completed (consequently, objects of type <code>void</code> are disallowed). There are no <a href="array.html" title="cpp/language/array">arrays</a> of <code>void</code>, nor <a href="reference.html" title="cpp/language/reference">references</a> to <code>void</code>. However, <a href="pointer.html#Pointers_to_void" title="cpp/language/pointer">pointers to <code>void</code></a> and <a href="function.html" title="cpp/language/function">functions</a> returning type <code>void</code> (<i>procedures</i> in other languages) are permitted.
</dd></dl>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: std::nullptr t">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="std::nullptr_t"><span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/nullptr_t.html" title="cpp/types/nullptr t">std::nullptr_t</a></span></span>
</h3>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Boolean type">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Boolean_type">Boolean type</span>
</h3>
<dl><dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span> - type, capable of holding one of the two values: <a href="bool_literal.html" title="cpp/language/bool literal"><tt>true</tt></a> or <a href="bool_literal.html" title="cpp/language/bool literal"><tt>false</tt></a>.
</dd></dl>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Character types">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Character_types">Character types</span>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">char</span></span></span> - type for signed character representation.
</dd>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span></span></span> - type for unsigned character representation. Also used to inspect <a href="objects.html" title="cpp/language/object">object representations</a> (raw memory).
</dd>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">char</span></span></span> - type for character representation which can be most efficiently processed on the target system (has the same representation and alignment as either <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">char</span></span></span> or <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span></span></span>, but is always a distinct type). <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx14"><span>The character types are large enough to represent 256 different values (in order to be suitable for storing UTF-8 encoded data)</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(since C++14)</span></span></span>
</dd>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span></span></span> - type for wide character representation
</dd>
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<td>
<dl>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">char16_t</span></span></span> - type for UTF-16 character representation
</dd>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">char32_t</span></span></span> - type for UTF-32 character representation
</dd>
</dl>
</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></td>
</tr>
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<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Integer types">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Integer_types">Integer types</span>
</h3>
<dl><dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> - basic integer type. The keyword <code>int</code> may be omitted if any of the modifiers listed below are used. If no length modifiers are present, it's guaranteed to have a width of at least 16 bits. However, on 32/64 bit systems it is almost exclusively guaranteed to have width of at least 32 bits (see below).
</dd></dl>
<h4>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Modifiers">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Modifiers">Modifiers</span>
</h4>
<p>Modifies the integer type. Can be mixed in any order. Only one of each group can be present in type name.
</p>
<p><b>Signedness</b>
</p>
<dl>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span></span></span> - target type will have signed representation (this is the default if omitted)
</dd>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span></span></span> - target type will have unsigned representation
</dd>
</dl>
<p><b>Size</b>
</p>
<dl>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">short</span></span></span> - target type will be optimized for space and will have width of at least 16 bits.
</dd>
<dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span></span></span> - target type will have width of at least 32 bits.
</dd>
</dl>
 <table class="t-rev-begin">
<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11">
<td>
<dl><dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span> - target type will have width of at least 64 bits.
</dd></dl>
</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h4>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Properties">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Properties">Properties</span>
</h4>
<p>The following table summarizes all available integer types and their properties:
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">

<tr>
<th rowspan="2"> Type specifier
</th>
<th rowspan="2"> Equivalent type
</th>
<th colspan="5"> Width in bits by data model
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th> C++ standard
</th>
<th> LP32
</th>
<th> ILP32
</th>
<th> LLP64
</th>
<th> LP64
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">short</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4"> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">short</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> at least<br> <b>16</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>16</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>16</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>16</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>16</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">short</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">short</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">short</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">short</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2"> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">short</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">short</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
</td>
<td rowspan="5"> at least<br> <b>16</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="5"> <b>16</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="5"> <b>32</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="5"> <b>32</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="5"> <b>32</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2"> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4"> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> at least<br> <b>32</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>32</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>32</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>32</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>64</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2"> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4"> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> <br> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> at least<br> <b>64</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>64</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>64</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>64</b>
</td>
<td rowspan="6"> <b>64</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2"> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> <br> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <div style="text-align:left; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Besides the minimal bit counts, the C++ Standard guarantees that
</p>
<dl><dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">1</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> sizeof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;=</span> sizeof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">short</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;=</span> sizeof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;=</span> sizeof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;=</span> sizeof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span>.
</dd></dl>
<p>Note: this allows the extreme case in which <a href="http%3A//en.wikipedia.com/wiki/Byte" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Byte">bytes</a> are sized 64 bits, all types (including <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">char</span></span></span>) are 64 bits wide, and <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">sizeof</span></span> returns 1 for every type.
</p>
<p>Note: integer arithmetic is defined differently for the signed and unsigned integer types. See <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">arithmetic operators</a>, in particular  <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Overflows" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">integer overflows</a>.
</p>
<h4>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Data models">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Data_models">Data models</span>
</h4>
<p>The choices made by each implementation about the sizes of the fundamental types are collectively known as <i>data model</i>. Four data models found wide acceptance:
</p>
<p>32 bit systems:
</p>
<dl><dd>
<ul><li>
<b>LP32</b> or <b>2/4/4</b> (int is 16-bit, long and pointer are 32-bit)
</li></ul>
<dl><dd>
<ul><li> Win16 API
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li>
<b>ILP32</b> or <b>4/4/4</b> (int, long, and pointer are 32-bit);
</li></ul>
<dl><dd>
<ul>
<li> Win32 API
</li>
<li> Unix and Unix-like systems (Linux, Mac OS X)
</li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<p>64 bit systems:
</p>
<dl><dd>
<ul><li> <b>LLP64</b> or <b>4/4/8</b> (int and long are 32-bit, pointer is 64-bit)
</li></ul>
<dl><dd>
<ul><li> Win64 API
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> <b>LP64</b> or <b>4/8/8</b> (int is 32-bit, long and pointer are 64-bit)
</li></ul>
<dl><dd>
<ul><li> Unix and Unix-like systems (Linux, Mac OS X)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<p>Other models are very rare. For example, <b>ILP64</b> (<b>8/8/8</b>: int, long, and pointer are 64-bit) only appeared in some early 64-bit Unix systems (e.g. Unicos on Cray).
</p>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Floating point types">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Floating_point_types">Floating point types</span>
</h3>
<dl><dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span> - single precision floating point type. Usually IEEE-754 32 bit floating point type
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> - double precision floating point type. Usually IEEE-754 64 bit floating point type
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd>
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> - extended precision floating point type. Does not necessarily map to types mandated by IEEE-754. Usually 80-bit x87 floating point type on x86 and x86-64 architectures.
</dd></dl>
<h4>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Properties">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Properties_2">Properties</span>
</h4>
<p>Floating-point types may support special values:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <i>infinity</i> (positive and negative), see <span class="t-lc"><a href="../numeric/math/INFINITY.html" title="cpp/numeric/math/INFINITY">INFINITY</a></span>
</li>
<li> the <i>negative zero</i>, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu16">0.0</span></span></span>. It compares equal to the positive zero, but is meaningful in some arithmetic operations, e.g. <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu16">0.0</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <a href="../numeric/math/INFINITY.html"><span class="kw1152">INFINITY</span></a></span></span>, but <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">/-</span><span class="nu16">0.0</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="sy2">-</span><a href="../numeric/math/INFINITY.html"><span class="kw1152">INFINITY</span></a></span></span>)
</li>
<li> <i>not-a-number</i> (NaN), which does not compare equal with anything (including itself). Multiple bit patterns represent NaNs, see <span class="t-lc"><a href="../numeric/math/nan.html" title="cpp/numeric/math/nan">std::nan</a></span>, <span class="t-lc"><a href="../numeric/math/NAN.2.html" title="cpp/numeric/math/NAN">NAN</a></span>. Note that C++ takes no special notice of signalling NaNs other than detecting their support by <span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/numeric_limits/has_signaling_NaN.html" title="cpp/types/numeric limits/has signaling NaN">std::numeric_limits::has_signaling_NaN</a></span>, and treats all NaNs as quiet.
</li>
</ul>
<p>Real floating-point numbers may be used with <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">arithmetic operators</a> + - / * and various mathematical functions from <a href="../numeric/math.html" title="cpp/numeric/math">cmath</a>. Both built-in operators and library functions may raise floating-point exceptions and set <span class="t-lc"><a href="../error/errno.html" title="cpp/error/errno">errno</a></span> as described in <a href="../numeric/math/math_errhandling.html" title="cpp/numeric/math/math errhandling"><tt>math_errhandling</tt></a>
</p>
<p>Floating-point expressions may have greater range and precision than indicated by their types, see <span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/climits/FLT_EVAL_METHOD.html" title="cpp/types/climits/FLT EVAL METHOD">FLT_EVAL_METHOD</a></span>. Floating-point expressions may also be <i>contracted</i>, that is, calculated as if all intermediate values have infinite range and precision, see <a href="../preprocessor/impl.html#Standard_pragmas" title="cpp/preprocessor/impl">#pragma STDC FP_CONTRACT</a>.
</p>
<p>Some operations on floating-point numbers are affected by and modify the state of <a href="../numeric/fenv.html" title="cpp/numeric/fenv">the floating-point environment</a> (most notably, the rounding direction)
</p>
<p><a href="implicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/implicit cast">Implicit conversions</a> are defined between real floating types and integer types.
</p>
<p>See <a href="../types/climits.1.html#Limits_of_floating_point_types" title="cpp/types/climits">Limits of floating point types</a> and <a href="../types/numeric_limits.1.html" title="cpp/types/numeric limits">std::numeric_limits</a> for additional details, limits, and properties of the floating-point types.
</p>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Range of values">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Range_of_values">Range of values</span>
</h3>
<p>The following table provides a reference for the limits of common numeric representations. As the C++ Standard allows any signed integer representation, the table gives both the minimum guaranteed requirements (which correspond to the limits of <a href="http%3A//en.wikipedia.com/wiki/One%27s_complement" class="extiw" title="enwiki:One's complement">one's complement</a> or <a href="http%3A//en.wikipedia.com/wiki/Signed_number_representations#Sign-and-magnitude_method" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Signed number representations">sign-and-magnitude</a>) and the limits of the most commonly used implementation, <a href="http%3A//en.wikipedia.com/wiki/Two%27s_complement" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Two's complement">two's complement</a>. All popular data models (including all of ILP32, LP32, LP64, LLP64) use two's complement representation, though.
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">

<tr>
<th rowspan="2"> Type
</th>
<th rowspan="2"> Size in bits
</th>
<th rowspan="2"> Format
</th>
<th colspan="2"> Value range
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th> Approximate
</th>
<th> Exact
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="3"> character
</th>
<td rowspan="3"> 8
</td>
<td> signed <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(one's complement)</span>
</td>
<td colspan="2"> <b>-127</b> to <b>127</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="types.html#cite_note-1">[note 1]</a></sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> signed <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(two's complement)</span>
</td>
<td colspan="2"> <b>-128</b> to <b>127</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> unsigned
</td>
<td colspan="2"> <b>0</b> to <b>255</b>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th rowspan="9"> integral
</th>
<td rowspan="3"> 16
</td>
<td> signed <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(one's complement)</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2"> <b>± 3.27 · 10<sup>4</sup></b>
</td>
<td> <b>-32767</b> to <b>32767</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> signed <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(two's complement)</span>
</td>
<td> <b>-32768</b> to <b>32767</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> unsigned
</td>
<td> <b>0</b> to <b>6.55 · 10<sup>4</sup></b>
</td>
<td> <b>0</b> to <b>65535</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3"> 32
</td>
<td> signed <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(one's complement)</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2"> <b>± 2.14 · 10<sup>9</sup></b>
</td>
<td> <b>-2,147,483,647</b> to <b>2,147,483,647</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> signed <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(two's complement)</span>
</td>
<td> <b>-2,147,483,648</b> to <b>2,147,483,647</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> unsigned
</td>
<td> <b>0</b> to <b>4.29 · 10<sup>9</sup></b>
</td>
<td> <b>0</b> to <b>4,294,967,295</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3"> 64
</td>
<td> signed <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(one's complement)</span>
</td>
<td rowspan="2"> <b>± 9.22 · 10<sup>18</sup></b>
</td>
<td> <b>-9,223,372,036,854,775,807</b> to <b>9,223,372,036,854,775,807</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> signed <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(two's complement)</span>
</td>
<td> <b>-9,223,372,036,854,775,808</b> to <b>9,223,372,036,854,775,807</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> unsigned
</td>
<td> <b>0</b> to <b>1.84 · 10<sup>19</sup></b>
</td>
<td> <b>0</b> to <b>18,446,744,073,709,551,615</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2"> floating<br> point
</th>
<td> 32
</td>
<td> <a href="http%3A//en.wikipedia.com/wiki/IEEE-754" class="extiw" title="enwiki:IEEE-754">IEEE-754</a>
</td>
<td> <b>± 3.4 · 10<sup>± 38</sup></b><br> <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(~7 digits)</span>
</td>
<td>
<div>
<ul>
<li>min subnormal: <b>± 1.401,298,4 · 10<sup>-47</sup></b>
</li>
<li>min normal: <b>± 1.175,494,3 · 10<sup>-38</sup></b>
</li>
<li>max: <b>± 3.402,823,4 · 10<sup>38</sup></b>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 64
</td>
<td> IEEE-754
</td>
<td> <b>± 1.7 · 10<sup>± 308</sup></b><br> <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">(~15 digits)</span>
</td>
<td> <div>
<ul>
<li>min subnormal: <b>± 4.940,656,458,412 · 10<sup>-324</sup></b>
</li>
<li>min normal: <b>± 2.225,073,858,507,201,4 · 10<sup>-308</sup></b>
</li>
<li>max: <b>± 1.797,693,134,862,315,7 · 10<sup>308</sup></b>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1">
<span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="types.html#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">As of C++14, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">char</span></span></span> must represent 256 distinct values, bijectively <a href="implicit_cast.html#Integral_conversions" title="cpp/language/implicit cast">convertible</a> to the values 0..255 of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span></span></span>, which may require a wider range of values.</span>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Note: actual (as opposed to guaranteed minimal) limits on the values representable by these types are available in <a href="../types/climits.1.html" title="cpp/types/climits">&lt;climits&gt;, &lt;cfloat&gt;</a> and <span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/numeric_limits.1.html" title="cpp/types/numeric limits">std::numeric_limits</a></span>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Keywords">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Keywords">Keywords</span>
</h3>
<p><a href="../keyword/bool.html" title="cpp/keyword/bool"><tt>bool</tt></a>, 
<a href="../keyword/true.html" title="cpp/keyword/true"><tt>true</tt></a>, 
<a href="../keyword/false.html" title="cpp/keyword/false"><tt>false</tt></a>, 
<a href="../keyword/char.html" title="cpp/keyword/char"><tt>char</tt></a>, 
<a href="../keyword/wchar_t.html" title="cpp/keyword/wchar t"><tt>wchar_t</tt></a>,
<a href="../keyword/char16_t.html" title="cpp/keyword/char16 t"><tt>char16_t</tt></a>,
<a href="../keyword/char32_t.html" title="cpp/keyword/char32 t"><tt>char32_t</tt></a>,
<a href="../keyword/int.html" title="cpp/keyword/int"><tt>int</tt></a>,
<a href="../keyword/short.html" title="cpp/keyword/short"><tt>short</tt></a>,
<a href="../keyword/long.html" title="cpp/keyword/long"><tt>long</tt></a>,
<a href="../keyword/signed.html" title="cpp/keyword/signed"><tt>signed</tt></a>,
<a href="../keyword/unsigned.html" title="cpp/keyword/unsigned"><tt>unsigned</tt></a>,
<a href="../keyword/float.html" title="cpp/keyword/float"><tt>float</tt></a>,
<a href="../keyword/double.html" title="cpp/keyword/double"><tt>double</tt></a>
</p>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span>
</h3>
<ul>
<li> <a href="incomplete_type.html" title="cpp/language/type"> the C++ type system overview</a> 
</li>
<li> <a href="cv.html" title="cpp/language/cv"> const-volatility (cv) specifiers and qualifiers</a>
</li>
<li> <a href="storage_duration.html" title="cpp/language/storage duration"> storage duration specifiers</a>
</li>
</ul>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td colspan="2"> <div class="t-dsc-see">
<span><a href="../../c/language/arithmetic_types.html" title="c/language/arithmetic types">C documentation</a></span> for <span class="t-dsc-see-tt"><span>arithmetic types</span></span>
</div>
</td>
</tr>

</table>

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